If you think you have nothing left to learn after all the books you cracked in college, think again. There’s a whole set of business skills you probably weren’t taught in class, even if you were a business major. So as a new graduate, be sure to brush up on these six essential job skills you’ll need to succeed in the workforce.

如果你覺得在學(xué)完大學(xué)里的書本之后你就沒什么可學(xué)的了，那么你需要再想想了。即使你的專業(yè)是商科，你也還是有一整套的商業(yè)技能并未在課上學(xué)過。所以作為一名應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生，為了在職場獲得成功，要確保學(xué)習(xí)并提升這六個基本工作技能。

People Skills

人際技能

People skills are incredibly valuable no matter what your job entails. Here are three you’ll want to develop.

無論你做什么工作，人際技能都十分重要。以下是你需要培養(yǎng)的三個具體能力。

Public Speaking: “Too many recent grads are not equipped to present the company well over the phone or in person at networking events, new business meetings, etc.,” says Graham Chapman, account coordinator/new business director at 919 Marketing, a PR and marketing firm in Holly Springs, North Carolina. “If you can’t speak [or] present yourself well, it is hard to help a company drive business.”

Look for volunteer activities where you can practice public speaking in front of small groups. Attend public meetings and comment. Think about the most important thing you want the audience to know (including two or three key details) and what you want them to do, then speak up.

公眾演講：“很多新畢業(yè)生都無法在電話上或者人際交往活動、新商業(yè)會議上面對面地向人很好地介紹自己的公司。” Graham Chapman說道，他是南加州霍利斯普林斯一家公關(guān)市場公司919 Marketing的客戶協(xié)調(diào)員兼新業(yè)務(wù)總監(jiān)。“如果你不能很好的介紹呈現(xiàn)你自己和公司，就很難幫公司拉來生意。”

尋找能讓你練習(xí)在小群體前公開講話的志愿者活動。參加公眾會議和討論。想想你想要觀眾知道的最重要的事(包括兩到三點細(xì)節(jié))以及你想要他們做什么，然后說出來。

Handling Tense Interactions: “Tension-filled conversations are served up most days at work, and those who lack the ability to handle them effectively will have a difficult time,” says Kerry Patterson, co-author of Crucial Conversations.

The key is to focus on results, not emotions. “Try to see others as reasonable, rational and decent human beings -- even if they hold a view that you strongly oppose,” he says. “When others feel respected and trust your motives, they let their guard down and begin to listen, even if the topic is unpleasant. [Then] confidently share your views and invite the other person to do so. If you’re open to hearing others' points of view, they'll be more open to yours.”

處理緊張局面：“充滿緊張氣氛的對話經(jīng)常會在工作時上演，并且缺乏有效處理這種局面能力的人常常日子不好過。”Kerry Patterson，Crucial Conversations的聯(lián)合作者說道。

關(guān)鍵是要關(guān)注結(jié)果而不是情緒。他說：“試著把對方看做通情達(dá)理的人——即使他們的觀點你強烈反對。當(dāng)他人感覺到被尊重并且相信你的動機時，即使主題是令人不愉快的，他們也會放松防備并開始傾聽。然后自信地分享你的觀點并且邀請他人像這樣做。如果你敞開胸懷傾聽他人的觀點，他們也將更可能聽你的。”

Teamwork: “The reality of working with a team, where colleagues have a variety of thoughts and ideas that need to be respected, is often new to grads,” says Bettina Seidman, founder of Seidbet Associates, a career-management firm in New York City. “The downside of not having these skills can be very serious, including gaining a poor reputation on the job, and even termination.”

Accept that you may have to take a junior role to those with more experience. Listen more than you talk, and be respectful of others when you have an opposing view. Most importantly, ask your supervisor who the best team players are in your company or department and make them your role models.

團隊合作：“和小組一起工作，尊重同事們不同的思想和想法，往往對于應(yīng)屆生是新鮮的。” Bettina Seidman說道，她是紐約一家職業(yè)管理公司Seidbet Associates的創(chuàng)立者。“不具備這些技能的負(fù)面結(jié)果可能很嚴(yán)重，包括獲得壞名聲甚至丟掉工作。”

和有更多經(jīng)驗的同事在一起，你可能不得不扮演較低級的角色，試著去接受這個現(xiàn)實。比起說要更多的傾聽，并且當(dāng)你有不同意見時也要尊重他人。更重要的是，問你的主管誰是公司或者部門最好的組員，然后把他們當(dāng)做你的榜樣。

Career-Management Skills

職業(yè)生涯管理技能

These career-management skills will help you land your first job and position yourself for a promotion:

這些職業(yè)生涯管理技能將會幫你找到第一份工作并且助你以后晉升：

這些職業(yè)生涯管理技能將會幫你找到第一份工作并且助你以后晉升：Humility and Patience: “Managers want to promote individuals who are willing to prove themselves versus those who expect things to be handed to them right from the start,” says Julie Rulis, senior recruiter in Western Union’s talent acquisition group. Expecting a big title or salary from the get-go or angling for a promotion too soon is a turnoff and can earn you a reputation for being too big for your britches.

Rulis suggests speaking with leaders from organizations you admire so you develop a greater appreciation for how others successfully moved up over time. “In most instances, you will learn how other leaders had to roll up their sleeves and prove themselves just like everyone else,” she says.

謙遜和耐心：“經(jīng)理們想要提升的是愿意證明自己能力的人，而不是那些只希望交給他們的事情從一開始就是對的的人。” Julie Rulis說道，她是Western Union人才召集組的資深招聘專員。從一開始就希望高職位或者高薪水或者過快就謀求晉升并不好，并且會給你招致過于自負(fù)的壞名聲。

Rulis建議與你所欣賞的組織的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)談話，以便于了解他人是如何成功的晉升的。“在大多數(shù)情況下，你將會了解到其他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是如何卷起袖子努力工作并且證明他們自己的。”她說道。

Staying Informed: “Professors don’t emphasize the importance of reading the news,” says Tom Gimbel, CEO of The LaSalle Network, a Chicago-area professional staffing and recruiting firm. “Nothing is more impressive than a candidate who can speak knowledgeably about the news and relate current events to their industry or job. After a new grad has secured the job, emailing news stories or cutting out newspaper articles for their boss is beyond impressive.”

Read an array of publications to broaden your knowledge. “If you’re in the business world, read Inc., Fast Company and The Wall Street Journal,” he says. Ask your boss what industry publications and blogs are must-reads., and ,” he says. Ask your boss what industry publications and blogs are must-reads.

保持消息靈通：“教授們不怎么強調(diào)閱讀新聞的重要性。” Tom Gimbel說道，他是一家芝加哥地區(qū)專業(yè)獵頭公司LaSalle Network的CEO。“沒有什么比一名能夠侃侃而談新聞和行業(yè)相關(guān)事件的候選者更令人印象深刻的了。應(yīng)屆生得到這份工作后，發(fā)新故事或者報紙摘要給上司更會令他印象深刻。”

閱讀大量的出版物以拓展你的知識面。“如果你在商業(yè)世界，就讀Inc., Fast Company以及The Wall Street Journal。”他說道。問你的上司有什么行業(yè)出版物和博客是必讀的。

Time Management: “A new grad may feel obligated to say yes to everything, which makes it even more difficult to manage their time,” says Susan Fletcher, psychologist and a time-management expert with Smart Zone Solutions in Plano, Texas. You may end up neglecting core activities or stretching yourself to the breaking point, she says.

Time-management skills involve managing your energy and attention. Ask your boss to help you set priorities and to advise you on operational goals. “Be intentional about what you commit to,” Fletcher says. “Ask yourself if the commitment fits into your overall strategy and focus to get a job, get promoted or advance your professional skills.”

時間管理：“一名應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生可能會覺得有必要對所有事情說yes，但如果這樣就很難管理時間。” Susan Fletcher說道，她是德克薩斯州普萊諾Smart Zone Solutions的一名心理醫(yī)生兼時間管理專家。她說，你最終可能會忽略核心活動或者把自己弄得筋疲力盡。

時間管理技能涉及到管理你的精力和注意力。請你的上司幫助你確定優(yōu)先要做的事并且?guī)湍阍O(shè)定運作目標(biāo)。Fletcher說：“注意你的承諾。問你自己是否這些承諾符合你的整體戰(zhàn)略，并且讓你能得到一份工作、晉升或者提升你的專業(yè)技能。

Proactively assessing skills and addressing any skills deficits make you better qualified and showcase your initiative. Keep your professional development going by asking your manager and others whom you admire what skills they think you should build to be even more successful.

主動地評估技能并且發(fā)現(xiàn)能力缺陷讓你更能勝任工作并且看起來很有積極性。通過詢問經(jīng)理和你欽佩的人，為了更加成功你應(yīng)該培養(yǎng)哪些技能，來保持你的職業(yè)發(fā)展勢頭。